Macro tutorial 3
Focus stacking.
Focus stacking can be used to increase the available DOF in a shot. You might want to do this where you just can't get the required DOF no matter what aperture you use, or where you are using fairly open apertures to minimise diffraction softening but want to make up some DOF.
First you need to down load and install Combinezm via this link http://www.hadleyweb.pwp.blueyonder....al/Install.htm


Taking pics for a stack.

You need a subject which is not moving whilst taking the photos. I tend to use fixed focus move the camera unti the first part of the subject comes into focus, take a shot but note where the subject is just going OOF. I then move the camera in trying to keep the FOV similar and not rotating the camera until the OOF area in the previous shot just comes into focus. Continue doing this until you have coverd the rquired DOF. If you are using a tripod (perhaps recommended for first goes at this) then do the same thing but use the focus ring to move to the next "slice".
I use combinezm directly after doing RAW conversion on the pics. it is important that the pics used are all exactly the same pixel size.

Below are 3 shot slices I'm going to use for this stack of a damselfly sitting next to it's exuvium (empty shell).
pic1

Pic 2

Pic 3


Run Combinezm and load the files by clicking on File/New.


And choose the file set using the [CTL] key



To do the stack click on Macro/ Do Stack



The programme will then chunter away comparing the shots, aligning then, colour matching them.



Finding detail, applying low and high pass filters before the stacked image appears.
Use the File/ Save Frame/Picture as Dialogue to name and save the picture. I use quality 100% jpgs.




You'll notice that in this stacked picture there is some Distortion on the RHS- this is normal and is caused by the slight change in FOV that has to occur in the different slices (ie that part of the image was missing in some of the slices). You just crop this off in PP. However there is also some disappointing noise blotching in the background. You may also see some haloing (not in this example) around high contrast edges. The latter two defects are caused by mis-alignment of the shots. This can sometimes be helped by clicking on Stack/ Reverse order and doing the stack again. However a more precise way of dealing with it, is to align the pictures manually before doing the stack. Doing this will also correct any rotational errors present in the different slices.


Manual Alignment.


Use the View/ Go to frame dialogue



and if the frames were shot in focus order choose the middle frame as the "master" frame.



Find two readily identifiable spots which are present in all the images and are fairly widely spaced (you may need to look at the other images using the View frames to check this). Place the mouse cursor over the left point and hit the 1 key and then click on exit in the dialogue box. Place the cursor on the right hand side point and hit the 2 key- click on exit on the resulting dialogue box.



Now use the View frames dialogue to go to another frame. Place the cursor over the LHS point and hit the 3 key, click on exit in the resulting dialogue box. Place the cursor over the RHS point and hit the 4 key. Now instead of clicking on Exit, click on Set and Use Params then click on OK in the next dialogue box





Repeat the latter process on all the remaining slices (not the "master") re-using the 3 and 4 keys.
When you have finished click on Macro/ do Stack again and let it run through



You'll see this time the image is cleaner- save it and then do a de- noise and clean up the image in PP.
Resulting stacked Image

.

Exercise
Fairly obvious- find a suitable subject and take a slice sequence- use the software to put the image together and then post back here the first shot in the slice set and the resulting stacked image.
Brian Valentine.

WOW!!!! Now this is the tutorial I am sure many many folks have been keen for you to produce Brian

I've just downloaded CombineZm, and was pleased that VISTA let me load it on my computer .... but it didn't come with a free bug to try it with hehehe.

An excellent Tutorial Brian, and I hope folks will show us their results from learning this amazing Stacking Technique.

Thank you again ..... Skippy
.

Originally Posted by Skippy WOW!!!! Now this is the tutorial I am sure many many folks have been keen for you to produce Brian I've just downloaded CombineZm, and was pleased that VISTA let me load it on my computer .... but it didn't come with a free bug to try it with hehehe. An excellent Tutorial Brian, and I hope folks will show us their results from learning this amazing Stacking Technique. Thank you again ..... Skippy .

No probs Skippy :)
You could always try it with my low res slices above, but you would need to ensure the pixel sizes of the 3 pics are exactly the same.

Brian V.

Brian

May we have your permission to have this live permanently on our Tutes site at http://dgrin.smugmug.com ?

Originally Posted by Andy Brian May we have your permission to have this live permanently on our Tutes site at http://dgrin.smugmug.com ?

Hi Andy- no problem with that.

brian V.

I SECOND the motion--I mean, I heartily support Andy's kind request here!

Steve-o

Originally Posted by Andy Brian May we have your permission to have this live permanently on our Tutes site at http://dgrin.smugmug.com ?

Losing a bit from the edge of the frame is inevitable. As you move closer to the subject to change your focal point you'll lose edge of the frame you had in the first shot.

You can minimize it with a steady hand but you'll still need some cropping with even a perfectly aligned set of shots. The only time I've been able to avoid crop is with a solid color background that meats all the sides of the frame.

Rick

Originally Posted by rnickl Losing a bit from the edge of the frame is inevitable. As you move closer to the subject to change your focal point you'll lose edge of the frame you had in the first shot. You can minimize it with a steady hand but you'll still need some cropping with even a perfectly aligned set of shots. The only time I've been able to avoid crop is with a solid color background that meats all the sides of the frame. Rick

I dont mean the edges, I know cropping is inevitable. I mean on the edges of the actually subject (in this case the frog)
In ever stack with 3 or more frames ive done, every thing seems like its off...like the edges of things inside the picture are doubles, or tripled, etc.

Is there something im missing maybe??

OK I recently got my Macro back from calibration so Ill break out of lurking mode to try this.

Some fantastic work beeing shown here. Hardly dare post anything myself.

Done on a tripod indoors. F11, SS ~1 sek with timer. Started at Macro 1:1 and used the focus ring to go further out.

Havent got round to the focusing tutorial yet, so I didnt dare try hand held.

First shot:



Stacked 6 shots in total:



Could do with some added "pop" but...

Havent tried the manual stacking jig yet. Have to do it later since life is making some heavy duty inroads into the fun stuff.

Impressive software and a really interesting tutorial.

Thanks.

Excellent stack Phil- can't see anything that needs cleaning up apart from the FOV boundary on the RHS (just needs cropping off). Excellent comparison between the first shot and the stacked result :). You really shouldn't have to do manual alignment on shots taken with a tripod (no rotation and fairly constant FOV)

Brian V.

Brian, Perhaps you could answer this for me.

I've used HeliconFocus ( http://www.heliconsoft.com/heliconfocus.html ) for several microscopic shots (and a few macros) in the past that needed to be stacked to enhance the visible DOF but it can be a bit costly (US$30 for one year, $115 for life) if you do not use it much (although I do like its interface). CombineZM is aparently "free". Rather than buy another year's license, do you feel Combine ZM is as good as HeliconFocus Lite?

When I get some time I will download and play with CombineZM, but was hoping you might be able to give me a quick answer. Thanks for letting me "pick your brain"! Also, EXCELLENT tutorial!!!

-Henry-

Originally Posted by hgernhardtjr Brian, Perhaps you could answer this for me. I've used HeliconFocus ( http://www.heliconsoft.com/heliconfocus.html ) for several microscopic shots (and a few macros) in the past that needed to be stacked to enhance the visible DOF but it can be a bit costly (US$30 for one year, $115 for life) if you do not use it much (although I do like its interface). CombineZM is aparently "free". Rather than buy another year's license, do you feel Combine ZM is as good as HeliconFocus Lite? When I get some time I will download and play with CombineZM, but was hoping you might be able to give me a quick answer. Thanks for letting me "pick your brain"! Also, EXCELLENT tutorial!!! -Henry-

Henry - I do have helicon focus but only tried it after I been using combinezm and I'm still using combinezm. I had more stack errors with helicon- not sure if it's less forgiving of mis-alignments or not but I just found combinezm more reliable in giving reasonable stacks.
brian V.

Thanks for the input Brian ... I, too, noticed some stack errors and would have to re-do the procedure a couple of times with HeliconFocus ... I'll get CombineZM downloaded and play around with it in some spare time!

Originally Posted by Phil_L OK I recently got my Macro back from calibration so Ill break out of lurking mode to try this. Some fantastic work beeing shown here. Hardly dare post anything myself. Done on a tripod indoors. F11, SS ~1 sek with timer. Started at Macro 1:1 and used the focus ring to go further out. Havent got round to the focusing tutorial yet, so I didnt dare try hand held. First shot: Stacked 6 shots in total: Could do with some added "pop" but... Havent tried the manual stacking jig yet. Have to do it later since life is making some heavy duty inroads into the fun stuff. Impressive software and a really interesting tutorial. Thanks.

Hi Phil, it's amazing how much detail is brought out in STACKING.
Nice to see your not lurking any more .

I'm keen to try this stacking technique out myself, it's a matter of finding something to try it on .

Thanks for sharing your stacked image Phil, hard to believe from the looks of the first image that you could end up with a result as in your second image ... Well Done .... Skippy
.

O.K. Here's my try with the stacking program. Well, I actually used 3 images in the stacking program, then "manually" stacked on two more. Only reason I did 2 manually, is because I noticed I had some blurred areas (that I had not focused on in the 1st 3 stacked images). I am noticing that when I am capturing the images, I am not getting all the details (that I want) in focus--like I think I am. But, practice will make perfect...I hope .

"First" non stacked image:





Stacked Image:

Again worked very well Tlee :)
As you say getting the slices you want comes with practice. This is a nice example because you still have some nice OOF areas in the pic which gives a sense of depth. One problem with focus stacking is that it takes away the visual clues we use to judge depth and so if it is done too much you can end up with a very "flat" looking shot.
Brian V.

Originally Posted by Lord Vetinari Again worked very well Tlee :) As you say getting the slices you want comes with practice. This is a nice example because you still have some nice OOF areas in the pic which gives a sense of depth. One problem with focus stacking is that it takes away the visual clues we use to judge depth and so if it is done too much you can end up with a very "flat" looking shot. Brian V.

Makes sense. Thanks.

Originally Posted by tlee O.K. Here's my try with the stacking program. Well, I actually used 3 images in the stacking program, then "manually" stacked on two more. Only reason I did 2 manually, is because I noticed I had some blurred areas (that I had not focused on in the 1st 3 stacked images). I am noticing that when I am capturing the images, I am not getting all the details (that I want) in focus--like I think I am. But, practice will make perfect...I hope . "First" non stacked image: Stacked Image:

Wow you can soooooooo see the difference truly amazing the difference stacking can make .
The more you do the better you will get at it, but gosh it looks great for a first attempt ...... Skippy
.

This is great, but is there a program like this for a Mac?? I would love to try it.

Hi everyone,Im having a few stacked macroshots,for example:
first shot second shot third shot fourth shot
Final result